40. Main subject of syntax. Composite sentences. Clause. Types of connections in complex and compound sentences
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| 40. Main subject of syntax. Composite sentences. Clause. Types of connections in complex and compound sentences Syntax deals with the way words are combined. It is concerned with functions of words and their relationship to other words within word-groups, sentences and texts. Syntax studies the way in which the units and their meanings are combined. It also deals with peculiarities of syntactic units, their behaviour in different contexts. The main object of study in syntax is the communicative unit of the language, the sentence. The phrase is the syntactic unit used as a notional part of a sentence. The basic difference between the phrase and the sentence is as follows: the phrase cannot express full predication. The sentence is a unit of speech which expresses a complete thought and has a definite grammatical form and intonation. Composite sentences are poly predicative syntactic constructions, formed by two or more predicative lines, each with a subject and a predicate of its own. Each predicative unit in a composite sentence forms a clause. A clause as a part of a composite sentence corresponds to a separate sentence. There are two principal types of composite sentences: complex and compound. In compound sentences, the clauses are connected on the basis of coordinative connections. In complex sentences, the clauses are united on the basis of subordinative connections. The connections between the clauses in a composite sentence may be effected syndetically, i.e. by means of special connecting words, conjunctions and other conjunctional words or word-combinations, or asvndetically, i.e. without any conjunctional words used. The minimal complex sentence includes two clauses: the principal one and the subordinate one. |
