You can sometimes be used to replace the passive, but they are not interchangeable. Usually one of the forms is more appropriate or more correct. You

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GRAMMAR SELF-STUDY

III YEAR, II TERM

REVISION OF PRONOUNS

TASK 1. Study the information about some pronouns given below. Then translate the sentences into your mother tongue.

Pronouns 'one', 'you', and 'they' can all be used to refer to people impersonally.
One and you are used to mean 'people in general'.
One is mainly written, and is (very) formal; you is informal.
They can be used to avoid the passive; this is more common in informal, spoken English.
They can also refer to unknown people, especially those who have the power or authority that we, ordinary people, do not have, and who we probably regard with mistrust. Hence the saying 'Them and us'.
One, they, and you can sometimes be used to replace the passive, but they are not interchangeable. Usually one of the forms is more appropriate or more correct. You is informal, one is formal, and they is often used to mean ‘those in authority’.

One can't mention other people to the press.
I don't mind the discomfort of sleeping out of doors, so long as one has plenty of servants.
I don't agree with the modern idea that you should work for the sake of it.
They gave you a degree if you turned up for 22 days out of 100.
I see they're knocking down that old building. What a pity!
One has to think about the practical side of things.
Going around Italy one is struck by the number of opera houses there are.
This scene makes one realise how deeply this community is concerned about environmental protection.
You can’t predict what these things are going to do.
In old people’s homes you can come across old people who are very difficult.
Isn’t that what they call love?
They have given Mr. Henderson another pay rise.
Don’t worry, I’m sure they are moving you to another ward soon.

TASK 2. In the following sentences, put one of the pronouns 'one', 'you', and 'they' into each gap. Some other pronouns are also possible.

Don't count ______ chickens before they hatch.
_____ said on the radio that we're in for a cold spell.
‘When ______ is in love, ______ always begins by deceiving ______, and ______ always ends by deceiving others. This is what the world calls a romance.' (Oscar Wilde)
Well, that was a turn-up for the books! It just goes to show ______ never can tell!
As soon as it snows in this country, all the trains stop. ______'d think ______'d manage to get some of them going, wouldn't ______ ?
What I've always said is that ______ should do to other people as ______want/wants them to do to ______.
I had to go to court yesterday. ______ fined me fifty pounds for parking in the wrong place. Can you imagine!
Look at that 1930 Rolls Royce! ______ don't make them like ______ used to!
______ always have/has to be careful with credit cards so that ______ don't/doesn't go over ______ credit limit.
I hear ______'ve set up a way ______ can do all shopping by television. Amazing what ______ can do these days!

TASK 3. Change the passive verbs in the following sentences into the active, adding one, they, or you as the subject - whichever is the most appropriate.

The price of petrol has been put up again.
These bulbs should be planted in the autumn.
The flying time between London and New York has been cut by forty minutes.
The Queen should always be addressed as 'ma'am' or 'your majesty'.
A visa is needed to enter the United States.
Gloves and hat must be worn to the garden party.
Fresh herbs are required for this recipe.
I'd never have bought the house if I'd known a motorway was going to be built at the bottom of the garden,
Most children are vaccinated against measles these days.
Decent shoes can't be got these days,
Decent shoes aren't made these days.
A nuclear war is a calamity which, it is hoped, will never occur.

TASK 4. Fill in the gaps with ‘so, ‘such’ or such a’.

Peter has ________ long fingers that he should play the piano.
Professor Sands gives _______ interesting lectures that his classes are never boring.
This is ______ tasty ice cream that I'll have another helping.
The sun shone ______ brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
Dean was ________ powerful swimmer that he always won the race.
There were _______ few students registered that the class was cancelled.
We had _______ wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return.
We had _______ good a time at the party that we hated to leave.
The promotion campaign was _______ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.
It was ______ nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
Jane looked _______ sick that the nurse told her to go home.
Those were _______ difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them.
Ray called at ______ early hour that we weren’t awake yet.
The book looked _______ interesting that he decided to read it.
He worked ______ carefully that it took him a long time to complete the project.
We stayed in the sun for _______ long time that we became sunburned.
There were ______ many people on the bus that we decided to walk.
The program was _______ entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.
The invitation to the interview was ______ unexpected that I didn’t know what to say.
Peter always has ______ Napoleon plans but does ______ little in reality.

TASK 5. Combine the pairs of sentences given below using SO or SUCH. Give two variants if possible. Follow the example.

Example. There was a fierce storm. The ship almost sank. = There was such a fierce storm that the ship sank. The storm was so fierce that the ship sank.

It was very hot. I took my coat off.
It was a hot afternoon. I slept instead of working.
It was a cold day. I wore two sweaters.
That man speaks fast. I can never understand what he says.
The box was heavy. I couldn't lift it.
He was a good student. He won all the prizes.
There was a big crowd. I couldn't see the president.
We all went to bed late. None of us were up until after nine next morning.
There was a big storm. Many people were seasick.
It was good coffee. I drank three cups.
He has a lot of money. He doesn't know what to do with it.
They were good friends. They never separated.
Travel by air is expensive. Most people still travel by train or boat.
There was beauty everywhere. I couldn't believe my eyes.
The thief ran away quickly. No one could catch him.
The Smiths are poor. They can't buy new clothes.

TASK 6. Fill in the gaps with indefinite pronouns some, any or their compounds.

"Have we got _______ milk?" - "Oh no, I meant to get _______ yesterday." - "Shall I go and buy _______?"
"Shall we buy Jenny _______ flowers?" - "I don't know, _______ practical might be better."
"Can _______ give me a hand with these boxes?"- "I can help if there are _______ light ones."
"Does _______ want to go to the cinema tonight? I've got _______free tickets." - "Is there _______ in particular on?" - "Yes, a James Bond film."
"Has Jasmine got _______ exams this year?" - "I think she's got _______ in June." - "Is there _______ I can do to help her?"
"I've put _______ blankets at the end of the bed but if you need more, or _______ else, just ask." - "Actually, there is _______. Could I have _______ towels, too?"
"Do you want to invite _______ special to your birthday tea?" - "Could I ask _______ friends from the art college?" "Yes, of course."
"Shall I put _______ music on?" - "Yes, have you got _______ relaxing?"
"I wish I had _______ interesting to do." - "I could give you _______ ideas, but you never like _______ I suggest."
"Did you go _______ during the holidays?" - "I wanted to go _______ but unfortunately I didn't have _______ money."
"Does _______ else want a lift?" - "I'd like one if you've got _______ space in the car."
"Do you want _______ vegetables with your steak?" - "Well, I wouldn't mind _______ chips if you've got _______."

TASK 7. Fill in the gaps with detaching pronouns each or every. Sometimes either of them is possible.

A: Four people live in our house. ______ (1) of us has his own room and we take turns doing the housework and cooking. ______ (2) person has to cook an evening meal and keep the house clean and tidy for a week and ______ (3) Monday we change over.

B: It sounds OK, but does this system really work?

A: Well, most of the time it does OK, except when it's Mike's turn. ______ (4) time it's his turn to do the chores, he always finds an excuse. He gives a different one ______ (5) time but they're never very good.

B: Can't you do anything about it?

A: We've tried, but ______ (6) time we say something to him, he gets annoyed and thinks we're being unfair.

B: But he can't get away with it ______ (7) time. It’s not fair on the rest of you. If ______ (8) of you made excuses like Mike, you would all be starving and living in a mess.
^ TASK 8. Fill in the gaps with one of the pronouns given in the box.
Part 1: all whole none no both neither either

Life has slowly changed for the ______ (1) of our family. We were ______ (2) very close once, my wife and I and our two daughters. Aged twelve and eleven, they were ______ (3) angels, keen, enthusiastic, communicative, ______ (4) of them, nearly ______ (5) the time. When we meet up nowadays______ (6) of us feels that comfortable. Oh yes, there are a few moments when we ______ (7) hug and ask each other for an update. Then when we ______ (8) sit down to either lunch or dinner - ______ (9) of my daughters seems very keen to eat at the same time as us anyway - ______ (10) of us seems to have that much to say. ______ (11) my daughters resent questions about their activities and I can't ask I ______ (12) of them about their current boyfriends without ______ (13) of them ganging up on me and telling me to be quiet. On the ______ (14), I find eating while watching a soap with them the best way out.

______ (15) of the girls seems at all interested in what ______ (16) my wife or I is doing. ______ (17) I can say is that life was much easier and more comfortable when ______ (18) of them could utter anything more than 'goo-goo' and 'da-da' and ______ (19) my wife and I could settle down for a meal without feeling strangers in our own home. But I suppose that time and tide wait for ______ (20) man.
^ Part 2: each every all whole none no

I was telling you about my family, wasn't I? It seems that not ______ (1) family is having the same problems. Since last week, I have spoken to nearly ______ (2) my colleagues and ______ (3) other one says that ______ (4) is sweetness and light in their family. ______ (5) of them - the ______ (6) family - sit down and ______ (7) of them takes turns to say something about what they're doing or have been doing and nearly ______ (8) other member of the family hangs on their ______ (9) word. There's ______ (10) aggression; ______ (11) of the others shows anything but total interest in the others' ______ (12) story. ______ (13) of them takes his or her turn and ______ (14) of them listen - ______ (15) of them resents it.

______ (16) I can say is, they're lucky. Almost ______ (17) meal we have together is spoilt because there's ______ (18) contact with anyone else and ______

(19) of us remains a little island. ______ (20) wonder my daughters don't come and visit very often.
^ Part 3: each another every others

Some famous places are disappointing: dirty, cramped, and a bit of a cliché. But there are ______ (1) which, even though you've seen ______ (2) television programme ever made about them, are ______ (3) bit as wonderful

as you'd imagined. The Grand Canyon is one of these and so, despite being next door to a main road, is Stonehenge. _______ (4) is Venice which, in its entirety, remains a great work of art, ______ (5) decaying aspect revealing an unexpected glimpse of water or startling architecture, ______ (6) individual building or piazza displaying an exquisite sense of proportion. I return to Venice ______ (7) two years in the course of my work and on ______ (8) of these occasions I have found something new to marvel at.

Alarm cries about how long this can last are sounded ______ (9) now and then ______ (10) time the water levels rise. But the fact that this city is sinking into the sea seems to add to its romantic atmosphere. Far more serious is the depopulation, for it seems that just about ______ (11) week ______ (12) family leaves. Since 1945 more than half the population of Venice has moved to the mainland. The rich own the great palazzos along the Grand Canal and visit ______ (13) once in a while, but leave the windows dark for the rest of the time. Mass tourism threatens the very structure of the city. It is a sad victim of its own success.
^ TASK 9. Underline the best alternatives of detaching pronouns.

Alan: These trousers are better than another one/ the other ones.

Bill: I don't like them. Let's choose another/ the other pair.

Alan: Well, hurry up - the others /others are waiting.

Bill: I suppose one pair is as good as another / the other.

Alan: You've tried on so many, one after the other/ others.

Bill: Can I try just another/ the other pair?

Alan: OK, but let's stop arguing with each other / one another.

Bill: Give me another / the other few minutes.

TASK 10. Fill in the gaps with detaching pronouns other, another, others, or other's.

Left-handedness is a fascinating phenomenon unless you are trying to undo a knot that a left-handed person has tied the ________ (1) way round. It is surprising that left-handers have not protested more about how the physical world has been constructed around the ‘________ (2) lot'. Though the days have gone when children were forced to change to the ________ (3) way, we still don't make enough concessions. Surely lefties should be encouraged to greet one _______ (4) by shaking the ________ (5) left hand. Why don't they always stick out their left hand anyway and surprise all ________ (6) once in a while? I've seen some lefties writing like crabs and producing handwriting from ________ (7) planet and I've seen ________ (8) who produce better writing than any ________ (9) person I know. And ________ (10) thing: why don't left-handed waiters tease us by laying the table 'back to front'? They've as much right as the right-handers.
TASK 11. Fill each blank with one suitable detaching, universal or reciprocal pronoun.

Raising one child at a time is hard enough; parents of twins have an even more difficult job. It is important that the children don't become so bonded that one becomes merely a missing part of ________ (1). Parents have to help their children grow up together, but realising that they are individuals first and twins second. The sibling rivalry may be avoided by encouraging them to develop different interests from ________ (2) to help to preserve their identities. But the special intimacy that twins share can lead to problems. As they grow older they may find it hard to develop close relationships with ________ (3) because they think no person will ever know them as well as their twin. They think like ________ (4) and do the same things, marry similar partners and live in virtually identical houses. In one study, a twin declared that losing ________ (5) would be like losing a part of her own body. In ________ (6), a pair separated at birth and brought up in different towns, unaware of ________ (7) existence, moved into houses in Florida with their families, only to discover that the person next door was none ________ (8) than their twin.

The intimacy between twins can sometimes be destructive. Psychologists are trying to find out where closeness ends and pathology begins. From the time June and Jennifer Gibbons could speak, they seldom did - except for one rare simple sentences to adults and some words to ________ (9) children. Eventually they spoke only with ________ (10) and around their home town in Wales they became known as the Silent Twins, developing a private language that _______ (11) people could not understand. Jennifer was so jealous of June, whom she thought prettier and more loved by their parents, that she forced her into a childhood vow of silence. One acquaintance said that Jennifer seemed to have 'possessed' her sister: with eye signals, she told June when to talk, how to move, what to do. _______ (12) one monitored _______ (13) so that they could act in perfect unison. They even fell off horses at the same time. Once Jennifer intoned to her _______ (14) sister, 'You are Jennifer. You are me.' An agonised June screamed back, 'I am June! I am June!'
TASK 12. Spot and correct mistakes in the use of pronouns. Some of the sentences are correct.

I definitely saw me in the mirror but I couldn’t recognise that unfamiliar person.
The students in our class had two choices: basketball or soccer. Half of
the students played basketball. Others played soccer.
People have two thumbs. One is on the right hand. Another is on the left hand.
The telephone and the automobile are twentieth-century inventions. The others are the computer, television, and the airplane. Can you name another twentieth-century inventions?
Any of the people there last night knew who I was.
Any information you have would be really helpful.
Nobody of us likes him. He is so rude. Nobody want to talk to him.
They don’t ever want to tell me nothing.
My marks have always been higher than his ones.
I’m sure history repeats herself.
We ourselfs have to build our own strength.
Everybody recognize the importance of education.
Did you take this picture or was it someone else photograph?
He wasn’t anyone I admired as a writer.
None of the two paintings appeals to me.
Somebody who wants to can come in and buy a car from me.
I wouldn’t forget anything that I finished reading only half an hour ago.

TASK 13. Cross out all the unnecessary indefinite pronouns.

One of the marvellous things on my first trip to Europe was the discovery that the world could be so full of any variety, that there were so many different ways of doing some essentially identical things, something like eating and drinking and buying cinema tickets. It fascinated me that any Europeans could be at once alike - that they could be so bookish and cerebral, and some drive small cars, and live in little houses in ancient towns, and some love soccer, and have chilly hotel rooms and warm inviting places to eat and drink - and yet be so endlessly, unpredictably different from each other as well.

I loved the idea that you could never be sure of anything in Europe. This is why I have never learned any language other than English. I don't want to know what other people are talking about. I can't think of anything that excites a greater sense of any childhood wonder than to be in a country where you are ignorant of almost everything. Suddenly you are some five years old again. You can't read anything, you have only the most rudimentary sense of how any things work, you can't even reliably cross a street without endangering your life. Your whole existence becomes a series of some interesting guesses.
TASK 14. Correct any incorrect uses of pronouns in the following sentences. Some of the sentences are correct.

None of the supermarkets in our town sells fresh fish.
Our two children are very alike: every one has red hair and green eyes.
Which of these two umbrellas is yours? - None.
How much are these second-hand books? - £1 every one.
You can go either way at the fork in the road: they all lead to the beach.
Is Phyllis a nurse or a dentist? - Neither. She's a psychiatrist.
I'm afraid I don’t know neither Italian or Spanish so I can't really communicate with these students.
All students are responsible for cleaning his own room.
Each CD in her collection was by the same group!
There seems little point in continuing our discussion if you are not prepared to make some concessions.
We asked a young couple for directions but none of them knew where the street was.
I've seen all Meryl Streep's films and she's brilliant in every one.
We're having a cocktail party for any close friends next Friday if you'd like to join us.
Does either of them happen to live in Cavendish Road?
Each tyre on the car had been deliberately slashed by vandals.

TASK 15. Spot and correct mistakes in the use of pronouns. Some of the sentences are correct.

When her sister left home, Mary finally had a bedroom all to herself.
OK. Let's meet each other outside the disco at ten.
We were shown around the factory by the Chairman himself.
Some of the people hurt theirselves trying to climb over the fence.
You should enclose a self-addressed envelope if you want them to send the material back to yourself.
John really prides himself on his Italian pronunciation and no one has the heart to tell him it's terrible!
I don't really understand it myself but my wife does.
How many others people from Bath went to the meeting besides you?
Oh, come on, can't you make ourselves a cup of tea? I haven't got time.
I'm not surprised they're splitting up, they never really talked to themselves.
People say that talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.
Us as parents can fully understand how you must have felt.
We are looking for a pen-friend for each of ourselves.
They arrived early in the morning and had the whole beach to them.
Nicola and Kim are so happy together, it's as though they were made for themselves.

TASK 16. Translate into English.

С кем ты разговаривал, когда я вошел? – Ни с кем. Это моя дурная привычка – разговаривать с самим собой.
К сожалению, я не могу сказать тебе ничего нового. Мы еще не получили никаких новостей, ни плохих, ни хороших. Как только я что-нибудь узнаю, я тебе позвоню.
Я не смогла найти ни одного платья, которое мне бы подошло. Вы не могли бы показать мне что-нибудь из вашей новой коллекции?
Сколько рыбы ты поймал сегодня? – Сегодня ни одной, но зато вчера я поймал две большие щуки. Одну я отдал своей сестре, а из другой моя жена сделала замечательную уху.
Никто из моих родителей не хочет понять, что я хочу стать художником, а не врачом. Они заставляют меня учить физику, биологию и химию, но ни один из этих предметов не вызывает у меня никакого интереса.
Разве у тебя не было какого-нибудь другого выхода? – Абсолютно никакого. Если бы я нашел какой-нибудь другой способ решить эту проблему, я бы не сделал того, что я сделал.
Посмотрите на эти две картины. Одна из них копия, вторая – подлинник. Как вы думаете, какая из них принадлежит кисти Рубенса? – Ни одна, ни вторая. Обе эти картины – копии. Я сам их сделал где-то лет 15 назад.
Никто из моих друзей не знает, что экзамен по английскому языку будет во вторник, а не в четверг, как мы все думали. Чем скорей я сообщу им об этом, тем раньше они начнут готовиться.
Кто тот высокий симпатичный парень в голубой футболке? – Это один из студентов нашей группы. – Я его определенно где-то видела. – Очень может быть. Возможно, ты его видела в библиотеке. Он проводит там все свое свободное время, если не играет в теннис.
Если бы я что-нибудь знал о первой помощи при ожогах, я бы смог ему помочь. – Не обвиняй себя напрасно, ему никто не смог бы помочь на месте аварии, поэтому его немедленно доставили в больницу.
Никто из этих молодых людей не мог совершить это преступление, так как у каждого их них абсолютно надежное алиби, подтвержденное, по крайней мере, тремя другими людьми.
Сколько молока осталось в холодильнике? – Нисколько. Мы все молоко выпили вчера. Ни мама, ни папа еще не завтракали, поэтому, если хочешь чтобы все пили чай с молоком, срочно сходи в супермаркет.
Было ясно, что Бонни очень спешил, когда одевался сегодня утром. На одной ноге у него был белый носок, а на другой – черный. Слава богу, туфли на обеих ногах были одинаковыми.
Линда, это ваш зонтик? – Нет, это чей-то чужой. Мой – красный с желтыми кленовыми листьями. – По-моему, ваш кто-то забрал. Возьмите этот, пока ваш не найдется. Вы же не можете пойти без зонта в такой страшный ливень! – Спасибо, я его возьму, но если кто-то спросит о нем, дайте мне знать, я его сразу же верну.
Самое лучшее в такую мерзкую погоду – сидеть в теплой комнате у камина и смотреть в огонь. – Да, у нас давно не было такого ужасного лета. Никто не верил, что прогнозы синоптиков окажутся такими верными, иначе никто из моих друзей не остался в Лондоне, все бы поехали в более теплые места.

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